Boneyard Tools

Three-Phase Power Calculator

Enter the line voltage, line current and power factor to find the apparent power in volt-amps, the real power in watts and kilowatts, and the reactive power in volt-amps reactive. The calculation uses the standard balanced three-phase relations.

How to use the three-phase power calculator

  1. Enter the line-to-line voltage in volts.
  2. Enter the line current in amps.
  3. Enter the power factor between 0 and 1 (use 1 for a purely resistive load).
  4. Read the apparent, real and reactive power.

Examples

480 V, 100 A, power factor 0.8

lineVoltage = 480, lineCurrent = 100, powerFactor = 0.8
apparent = 83138.44 VA, real = 66510.75 W, reactive = 49883.06 VAR

Unity power factor

lineVoltage = 480, lineCurrent = 100, powerFactor = 1
real = apparent = 83138.44 W, reactive = 0 VAR

Frequently asked questions

What is the three-phase apparent power formula?

Apparent power equals the square root of 3 times the line voltage times the line current, S = sqrt(3) * V * I. With 480 V and 100 A the apparent power is about 83138 VA.

How do I get real power from apparent power?

Multiply the apparent power by the power factor, P = S * power factor. At a power factor of 0.8 a load drawing 83138 VA produces about 66511 W of real power.

How is reactive power calculated?

Reactive power equals the apparent power times sqrt(1 - power factor squared), Q = S * sqrt(1 - pf^2). It is zero when the power factor is 1 because the load is purely resistive.

Does this use line voltage or phase voltage?

It uses the line-to-line voltage with the sqrt(3) factor, which is the standard way three-phase ratings are stated. For a balanced load this matches 3 times the per-phase power.

What power factor should I enter?

Use 1 for a purely resistive load such as heaters, around 0.8 for typical motor loads, and the nameplate value for a specific machine. The value must be between 0 and 1.

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