Normality Calculator
Convert between molarity and normality using the number of equivalents per mole. Enter a molarity to find the normality, or a normality to find the molarity, along with the equivalence factor for your acid, base or redox species.
How to calculate normality
- Enter the equivalence factor, the reactive units per mole of solute.
- Enter the molarity to find normality, or the normality to find molarity.
- Read the result, computed from normality = molarity times equivalents.
Examples
Molarity to normality
2 M sulfuric acid, 2 equivalents
4 N
Normality to molarity
6 N, 3 equivalents
2 M
Frequently asked questions
What is normality?
Normality is the concentration of reactive equivalents per litre of solution, written eq/L or N. It equals molarity times the equivalence factor.
What is the normality formula?
Normality equals molarity times the number of equivalents per mole, N = M times equivalents. Rearranged, molarity equals normality divided by equivalents.
How many equivalents does my solute have?
Use the reactive units per mole: 1 for HCl or NaOH, 2 for sulfuric acid or Ca(OH)2, and for redox the number of electrons transferred.
When is normality equal to molarity?
When the equivalence factor is 1, such as for hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide, the normality and molarity are the same number.
Why use normality instead of molarity?
Normality counts reactive equivalents, so equal volumes of equal normality react completely. It is handy for titration and neutralisation work.
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